Water vapor condensed into tiny drops, appears to the naked eye like a cloud-like state. 跨音速飛行常常伴隨一個效應稱為「普朗特 - 格勞厄脫凝結雲」 (Prandtl-Glauert condensation clouds) 。以飛機為中心軸、從機翼前段開始，向四周均勻擴散的圓錐狀雲團。 This is due to the shock wave rear pressure decrease, leading to low temperature, causing water vapor condensation. As the central axis of the plane, from forward wing area, to spread evenly around the cone-shaped cloud. Transonic flight is often accompanied by an effect known as “Prandtl-Glauert condensation clouds”.

飛機飛行速度超過音速，由衝擊波所造成而發出的爆炸聲音。 Sound Barrier ( 音障 ) The sudden increase in air resistance that occurs when an aircraft approaches the speed of sound. Sound Barrier and Sonic Boom ( 音障與音爆 ) Sonic Boom ( 音爆 ) A loud explosive noise caused by the shock wave from an aircraft traveling faster than the speed of sound. You can also buy the book by clicking on the buttons to the left.突破 Breaking the Sound Barrier 音障編輯配樂：老編西歪 changcy0326 按滑鼠換頁 click for slides advance Music : Take My Breathe Away It is available to order now at Amazon and Barnes & Noble. This article on supersonic jets is an excerpt from Barrett Tillman’s book On Wave and Wing: The 100 Year Quest to Perfect the Aircraft Carrier. Supersonic jets were now a cornerstone of carrier naval airpower. Navy in 1987, and the Marine Corps held its “Phantom Pharewell” in 1992. Extremely stable and well-behaved in landing configuration, the F-4 was popular with pilots flying “around the boat” in carrier approaches, but it required positive technique on catapult shots, where it was prone to over-rotation off the bow. It was flown by nine other nations, with both the RAF and Royal Navy accepting the type. The F-4 became a cult machine with a global following. McDonnell merged with Douglas in 1967, a union that lasted thirty years (until “McDouglas” was absorbed by Boeing), so, through most of its career the F-4 (like the A-4 Skyhawk) was a McDonnell Douglas product.

In order to provide a balanced air group on Forrestal-class carriers, one fighter squadron usually flew Phantoms and the other Crusaders. A powerful Mach two interceptor, its two-man crew was tasked with fleet defense, relying wholly upon heat-seeking and radar-guided missiles. It began setting records from its first flight in 1958 and was adopted by the Air Force five years later. Navy’s other late 1950s supersonic jets were the long-lived McDonnell F4H Phantom II. Of 1,266 Crusaders produced, 1,106 were involved in major accidents.Īmong the U.S. However, it was extremely demanding in the carrier landing pattern and had one of the highest accident rates in history-a point of perverse pride among surviving F-8 pilots. Over Vietnam “the last gunfighter” rang up the best killloss ratio of the war. Its blazing speed-ultimately Mach 1.8-lent it to reconnaissance as well as fighter missions, equipping more than thirty deployable Navy and Marine Corps squadrons, and it served in the French Navy from 1964 to 1999. The F-8 (redesignated from F8U in 1962) enjoyed a long if checkered career. In fact, one test pilot of the Cutlass claimed to have written to Westinghouse, saying, “I have just flown the XF7U-1 Cutlass with your J34 engine and want you to know that your jets produce less heat than your toasters.”

The Crusader was an all-or-nothing effort for the company, which had invested heavily in the previous F7U Cutlass, a notoriously poor performer. The first naval aircraft to earn the distinction of being a supersonic jet was Vought’s sleekly elegant F8U-1 Crusader, which achieved the record on its first flight in March 1955.

Jet breaking sound barrier